Travel to Health

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complicated chronic inflammatory disease that involves various genetic and environmental driving factors. [1] Video 1.   The Best Diet for Crohn’s Disease Treatment ( YouTube link ) Types of IBD? Inflammatory bowel disease  (IBD) is an umbrella term used to describe disorders that involve chronic inflammation of your digestive tract. Types of IBD include: Ulcerative colitis Which involves inflammation and sores (ulcers) along the superficial lining of your large intestine (colon) and rectum Crohn's disease Which is characterized by inflammation of the lining of your digestive tract, which often can involve the deeper layers of the digestive tract Both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease usually are characterized by diarrhea, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, fatigue and weight loss . Image via: AHealthBlog Diets and IBD IBD can be debilitating and sometimes leads to life-threatening complications.  Although its pathogenesis ...

Figure 1.  Blaschko's lines (source:  ScienceDirect.com ) Vitiligo is a disorder that causes the presence of pale patchy areas of depigmented skin on the face, hands and wrists; these patches are initially small, but often grow and change in shape . [1]    Genetic and environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. There are many therapies for vitiligo, the most used are local steroids and ultraviolet light . Segmental Vitiligo (SV) vs Nonsegmental Vitiligo  Vitiligo  results from autoimmune destruction of  melanocytes , [21]   with elevated prevalence of other autoimmune diseases in patients with vitiligo and their relatives . [22]  Vitiligo pathogenesis involves innate immune responses triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by damaged melanocytes, causing downstream adaptive immune activation that drives melanocyte destruction by autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes . [23]   Viti...

Figure 1. Schematic representation of the host immune response against microbial pathogens (Source: 18).  Allergy and hypersensitivity reactions in general are traditionally thought of as misguided or excessive reactions by the immune system, possibly due to broken or underdeveloped mechanisms of peripheral tolerance. Hypersensitivity reactions are immune mediated responses that occur in pre-sensitized hosts . [41]  These reactions can be classified into four categories:   Type I, anaphylactic , mediated by IgE;   Type  II, cytotoxic , mediated by antibodies recognizing self-antigens;   Type  III, immune complex , caused by deposition of antigen-antibody complexes in tissues, leading to the tissue-damaging effects of complement and leukocytes (e.g. Arthus type reaction); and   Type  IV, delayed-type hypersensitivity , which is not mediated by antibodies but by T cells. Naive CD4 T helper cells differentiate into different C...

An estimated 10 to 15% of all adults aged over 60 have some degree of  osteoarthritis  (OA), with prevalence higher among women than men . According to the United Nations, by 2050, people aged over 60 will account for more than 20% of the world’s population. Figure 1.   Synovial fluid (By  Madhero88 ) Osteoarthritis (OA) Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the articular joints with progressive nature involving the synovium , articular cartilage , and subchondral bone (see Figure 1 ).  It is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, joint lining, ligaments, and underlying bone . It typically involves an entire joint, with the most commonly affected joints being the hips, knees, hands, and spine .  Common manifestations of OA are stiffness and pain . There are a variety of risk factors for OA, including: [3]   High-impact sports Obesity The risk of suffering osteoarthritis can be decreased with weight loss.  This reduction of ...