Travel to Health

An estimated 10 to 15% of all adults aged over 60 have some degree of  osteoarthritis  (OA), with prevalence higher among women than men . According to the United Nations, by 2050, people aged over 60 will account for more than 20% of the world’s population. Figure 1.   Synovial fluid (By  Madhero88 ) Osteoarthritis (OA) Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease of the articular joints with progressive nature involving the synovium , articular cartilage , and subchondral bone (see Figure 1 ).  It is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, joint lining, ligaments, and underlying bone . It typically involves an entire joint, with the most commonly affected joints being the hips, knees, hands, and spine .  Common manifestations of OA are stiffness and pain . There are a variety of risk factors for OA, including: [3]   High-impact sports Obesity The risk of suffering osteoarthritis can be decreased with weight loss.  This reduction of ...

Cutaneous wound healing is a complex procedure involving the interaction between different cells in the injured tissue, including inflammatory cells, fibroblasts , keratinocytes , and endothelial cells . [7,8]  These cells contribute to healing process by releasing various chemo-cytokines and growth factors in a cell type specific manner to stimulate inflammation, angiogenesis , wound contraction and remodeling. TGF-β is involved in a number of processes in wound healing: inflammation, stimulating angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis and deposition and remodelling of the new extracellular matrix. Interestingly chronic, non-healing wounds often show a loss of TGF-β1 signaling. [13] There are several options for the treatment of cutaneous wounds, which are grouped into three categories: [5] Dressings Topical gels Engineered skin The process of wound healing has to be well orchestrated and disruption of this process, for instance due to the infection o...