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Showing posts from January, 2021

Understanding the Basics of Memory B Cells—The Antibody Factory

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B cells generate humoral immunity by secreting immunoglobulins (Igs; aka antibodies , Abs ) that are specifically selected for high-affinity binding to foreign substances. By 5 or so days after infection or immunization, specific Abs can be detected in serum in the form of IgM heavy chains. [26]   Over the next three weeks, Ab levels increase and shift to IgG and IgA heavy chains as antibody affinity increases because of ongoing somatic mutation , reducing the levels of Abs needed for protection.   Most  IgA  Abs are delivered to mucosal surfaces , while  IgG  Abs typically function in blood, lymph, and tissues . Specific Ab-producing cells persist from weeks to a lifetime depending on the nature of the immunogen . Abs protect against viral infections in many ways: [26]   The simplest and typically most effective mechanism is to bind to virion surface proteins and prevent virus attachment to host cells or viral penetration to the cytosol . Th...

Stopping Drinking Milk Especially If You Have a Leaky Gut

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It seems that drinking cow milk is bad especially when you have a leaky gut.  The BCM7 (a 7 amino-acids peptide)  is the peptides that you will get from drinking cow milk. Adverse Health Effects from Drinking Cow Milk Biological role of BCM7 still remains unclear.  But there is strong evidence that these peptides may modulate gastrointestinal, immune and nervous systems.  Researchers concluded that consumption of cow milk containing BCM7 may induce inflammatory response in gut by activating Th2 pathway. Thus BCM7 are considered to be factors involved in etiology and exacerbation of symptoms in food allergy and atopic dermatitis, diabetes, schizophrenia, postpartum psychoses, sudden infant death syndrome, apparent life-threatening event, and autism. Avoid Yogurt Too Note that taking yogurt actually is worse than drinking milk.  cCGP (or cow caseinoglycopeptide) in the diagram shows that concentrations of cCGP in the ...

Could Pre-existing Immunities the Explanation of Taiwan's Mystery

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Figure 1.  Number of new infections (08/17/2021; Source: Nikkei Asia) Taiwan has seen extremely low cases and – more importantly – low death rates in the current COVID-19 pandemic .  On 11/07/2020, there is an article titled: [1] The Mystery Of Taiwan published on the ZeroHedge website.  Here is the question asked in that article: We are still left with a mystery. Taiwan did not lock down. It did not widely test. And yet it had the lowest death rate per million of any populous country in the world. It experienced 0.3 deaths per million and ranks 189th in the world . As much as public health authorities in the West want to consider policy as a decisive factor in the success or failure of pandemic response, the Taiwanese case might have nothing at all to do with the public policy response.   If public policy response is not the real explanation, then what is it?  Could it be pre-existing immunities? Figure 2. Taipei 101 (right) Pre-existing Immunity An arti...

Vitamin D3 — A Promising Candidate for Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

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Figure 1.  I-MASK+ (Prophylaxis & Early Outpatient Treatment Protocol for Covid-19) In Figure 1, it shows the  prophylaxis protocol  proposed by FLCCC Alliance. [1]  And, the below items on the proposed list: Vitamin D3 Vitamin C Quercetin Zinc Melatonin are added as immune boosters for fighting Covid-19 virus. In this article, we will discuss why Vitamin D3 could be a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Vitamin D3 — A promising treatment option for COVID-19 Vitamin D is not actually a vitamin. By definition, a vitamin is a substance that is essential to human health but cannot be produced by the body. Vitamin D is essential to the metabolism of calcium and phosphorous in the body. However it is also produced by our bodies when we are exposed to UVB rays of the sun. Based on multiple recent studies, vitamin D3 is believed to be a promising candidate for prevention and treatment of Covid-19: [2] A French experimental study At a nursi...