Travel to Health

Figure 1. The hallmarks of ageing (Source: [55]) The well-established nine hallmarks of aging include: [55] Genomic instability Shortening telomere length Epigenetic modifications Loss of proteostasis Video 2 ( 32:12 ) Deregulated nutrient sensing Mitochondrial dysfunction SIRT3 , an important stress-responsive deacetylase with cardio-protective and longevity enhancing properties involved in mitochondrial homeostasis , stem cells and tissue maintenance. [56,57] Cellular senescence Stem cell exhaustion Altered intracellular communication  (Video 2) have all been shown to be caused, at least in part, by sustained systemic inflammation . [45-54] Video 1. Can ageing be delayed, stopped or even reversed? BBC News (YouTube link ) Inflammatory Clock (or iAge) Inflammation plays a role in almost all chronic diseases of ageing including atherosclerosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. From the blood immunome of 1,001 individuals aged 8–96 years, Sayed et al. developed ...

Figure 1.   Diversity and clonal selection in the human T-cell receptor repertoire [1]   Key Points 1. T-Cell Receptor Diversity: As we age, T-cell receptor diversity declines due to shrinking thymus function. Thymus involution (thymus shrinkage) leads to fewer new T cells. 2. Immunosenescence: Immunosenescence refers to the age-related weakening of the immune system. It includes: Accumulation of dysfunctional memory T cells. Shortened telomeres (reduced cell lifespan). Impaired immune regulation. 3. Overall Changes: Aging results in: Weaker immune responses to new infections and vaccines. A shift toward inflammation. Increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases, cancers, infections, and other age-related conditions. 4. Potential Solutions: Biomarkers (like CXCL9) can help identify individuals at risk for immunosenescence. Dietary interventions (such as prolonged fasting cycles) may alleviate immunosenescence. 5. COVID-19 and Aging: Older individuals are more...