Travel to Health

Even if you have great genes and look much younger than you are, age-related changes in our facial appearance are unavoidable. Those changes reflect our joys and challenges in life. Over time, as stem cells decrease, our skin becomes thinner, which decreases its protection.   How the Face Ages As we age, number of stem cells are reduced.  Dozens of changes take place as the years add up, some of them obvious and familiar: [1] Foreheads expand as hairlines retreat Ears often get a bit longer because the cartilage in them grows Tips of noses may droop because connective tissue supporting nasal cartilage weakens . There are also: Skin wrinkles   Because two components of our skin — collagen and elastin — degenerate By your mid-20s, the collagen in your body starts to diminish, and by the time you reach your 80s, you have around 4 times less  collagen Those deep ones in the forehead and between the eyebrows are called expression lines (or animation lines) They'...

Figure 1. The hallmarks of ageing (Source: [55]) The well-established nine hallmarks of aging include: [55] Genomic instability Shortening telomere length Epigenetic modifications Loss of proteostasis Video 2 ( 32:12 ) Deregulated nutrient sensing Mitochondrial dysfunction SIRT3 , an important stress-responsive deacetylase with cardio-protective and longevity enhancing properties involved in mitochondrial homeostasis , stem cells and tissue maintenance. [56,57] Cellular senescence Stem cell exhaustion Altered intracellular communication  (Video 2) have all been shown to be caused, at least in part, by sustained systemic inflammation . [45-54] Video 1. Can ageing be delayed, stopped or even reversed? BBC News (YouTube link ) Inflammatory Clock (or iAge) Inflammation plays a role in almost all chronic diseases of ageing including atherosclerosis, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. From the blood immunome of 1,001 individuals aged 8–96 years, Sayed et al. developed ...