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Showing posts from July, 2023

The Link between a Common Variant in HLA Genes and Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection

So far most global efforts have focused on severe illness in COVID-19, for example: The Link between TLR7 Variants and Critical COVID-19 However, examining asymptomatic infection provides a unique opportunity to  consider early immunological features that promote rapid viral clearance .  Asymptomatic COVID-19 At least 20% of people who become infected with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus never feel sick . [4-7]  Now scientists have identified a genetic mutation (i.e.,   HLA-B*15:01 ) that is linked to a higher likelihood of avoiding symptoms during infection. [1] Here variation in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci may underly processes mediating asymptomatic infection was postulated . Initially, scientists suspected that this genetic association is due to pre-existing T cell immunity .  After further study, now they show that: The structural similarity of the peptides underpins T cell cross-reactivity of high-affinity public T cell receptors , providing...

Orchid Care for Beginners

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Unveiling Life: A Petal-Painted Symphony of Renewal (12/19/2023) (Updated on 12/19/2023) This document details the full orchid life cycle, encompassing hibernation and the opening of a bud signifying a new cycle. Figure 1.  Orchid varieties Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae , a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colorful and fragrant. [1] The orchid flower is typically has an outer whorl of three sepals , an inner loop of three petals , a single large column in the center, and an enlarged bottom petal called a lip or labellum (see Figure 2 ). The overall flower shape is characteristically bilaterally symmetrical (the left and right halves of the blossom are mirror images), a necessity for reliable pollination by bees . Figure 2.  Basic structure of orchid [1] Orchid Care There are more than 20,000 species of orchids , and contrary to popular belief, they are extremely easy to look after, yet many homeowners...